The Impact of the Land Cover Dynamics on Surface Urban Heat Island Variations in Semi-Arid Cities: A Case Study in Ahmedabad City, India, Using Multi-Sensor/Source Data.

In addition, the magnitude of the trend was determined by the Sen’s slope estimator: A positive value indicates a positive trend and vice versa [ 43 ]. 2.3.2.

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In each season, WSA is generally slightly lower in the urban area than in the surrounding rural area, and the mean albedo exhibits a decreasing trend across the years, especially in the rural area ( Figure 9 g–i).

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Rural Area Analysis and Trend of Potential Drivers of SUHI During summer daytime, the rural area has a higher LST than the urban area, reducing the expected impacts of urbanization on the SUHII, resulting in a negative trend.

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