A Mendelian randomization study of IL6 signaling in cardiovascular diseases, immune-related disorders and longevity.

10 , 11 In AF, studies with a targeted approach have identified gene variants with nominally significant p values in the IL6R locus. 12 , 13 The use of genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) in Mendelian randomization (MR) eliminates reverse causation bias and allows causal inference.

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This analysis showed a highly significant, inverse and strong causal inference between sIL6R and CAD (OR: 0.964; 95% CI: 0.958–0.970; P causal = 6.98 × 10 −29 ) (Fig. 3b ).

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