Reward Boosts Neural Coding of Task Rules to Optimize Cognitive Flexibility.

The interaction between reward and task coding, as a function of rule updating, was significant when averaged over the pretarget interval (1400–1800 ms; t (29) = 2.9247, p = 0.0066) and showed a trend toward significance when fully time resolved ( Fig. 6 C , window tested = 1200–2500 ms; longest candidate cluster = 1464–1544 ms; p = 0.0824).

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We believe that this behavioral result should be interpreted with caution, as there was a clear trend in the expected direction, and previous studies have observed robust reward effects on rule switching ( Shen and Chun, 2011 ; Kleinsorge and Rinkenauer, 2012 ).

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