A Recent Systematic Increase in Vapor Pressure Deficit over Tropical South America.

During ASO, VPD shows an increasing trend over the southeastern Amazon with values of ~6 ± 2 mb over the period 1987–2016, which results from ~+2 °C warming (saturation vapor pressure, e s ) and ~−2.5 °C decrease in dew point (actual vapor pressure, e a ).

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This is occurring in conjunction with a positive trend in incoming solar radiation in late dry season, which can partly be attributed to cloud reduction due to radiatively absorbing aerosols such as black carbon 21 .

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We further show that There is a negative trend in evaporative fraction in the southeast Amazon, where lack of atmospheric moisture, reduced precipitation together with higher incoming solar radiation (~7% decade −1 cloud-cover reduction) influences the partitioning of surface energy fluxes towards less evapotranspiration.

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