Warm temperatures during cold season can negatively affect adult survival in an alpine bird.

The rate of warming in the region involved a +1.2°C mean temperature increase over the timespan of the study (Beniston et al., 2018 ; Ceppi, Scherrer, Fischer, & Appenzeller, 2012 ; Rangwala & Miller, 2012 ), which is one of the most intense warming rates for mountains in the world, but might not be enough to result in a clear trend in adult female survival given the 6°C variation of mean winter/spring temperatures in the different years of the study (Figure S3 in Appendix S1 ).

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