For Golden and Labrador Retrievers, the average estimated breeding values associated with elbow dysplasia exhibited a negative trend ( Figure 4 ).providing evidence that these breed populations are improving elbow conformation, albeit slowly when compared to changes seen for hips in these same breeds ( 7 ).
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Heritability of Unilateral Elbow Dysplasia in the Dog: A Retrospective Study of Sire and Dam Influence.
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