Transcriptomic analysis of monocytes from HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy reveals effects of tobacco smoking on interferon and stress response systems associated with depressive symptoms.

Genes displaying this trend with significant increases in all comparisons ( p < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test) or near-significant increases included known key immune/interferon response genes ( AIM2 , CLEC5A , CTSD, FCGR1A , FCGR1B , IFI16 , PSMB8 , SP100 ), stress/chemical response-associated heat-shock chaperonin protein HSPD1 , Krüppel-like factor transcriptional regulator KLF4 , and mitochondrion-associated genes CISD1 (CDGSH iron sulfur domain redox-active protein) and MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase).

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