Low-intensity educational interventions supporting self-management to improve outcomes related to chronic breathlessness: a systematic review.

This review found mixed evidence for improving self-efficacy, with one intervention finding an improvement in breathlessness mastery, 28 while an observed benefit in a second study did not reach statistical significance. 24 Self-efficacy is important as chronic breathlessness is known to increase one’s vulnerability to emotional influences and lead to a perceived loss of control. 34 A coaching approach that acknowledges the social context of self-efficacy may be an important element that is difficult to include in

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