Associations between Plasma Biomarkers and Cognition in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.

Although there was no association between plasma Aβ 1-40 levels and MMSE scores ( Figure 1 a), plasma Aβ 1-42 showed a trend, and p-Tau181 levels exhibited a weak negative correlation with MMSE scores (Aβ 1-42 : r = −0.198, p = 0.061; p-Tau181: r = −0.285, p < 0.05), as shown in Figure 1 b and 1d.

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However, plasma levels of Aβ 1-42 , t-Tau, and p-Tau181 showed an increasing trend in patients exhibiting a decrease in cognitive function (Aβ 1-42 : r = −0.832, p = 0.08; t-Tau: r = −0.932, p < 0.05; p-Tau181: r = −0.703, p = 0.185; Figure 2 b–d).

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As shown in Figure 2 a, plasma Aβ 1-40 levels showed a decreasing trend in patients exhibiting decrease of cognitive function (r = 0.438, p = 0.46).

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