highly significantp ≤ 0.001
Notably, all other analyzed MTXs also showed a highly significant reduction in ROS level in a similar range (theophylline: 54.5% ± 4.8%, p ≤ 0.001; pentoxifylline: 48.8% ± 3.2%, p ≤ 0.001; theobromine: 39.6% ± 2.7%, p ≤ 0.001; propentofylline: 34.4% ± 7.4%, p ≤ 0.001) ( Supplement Figure S4d ).