The effects of training managers on management competencies to improve their management practices and work engagement of their subordinates: A single group pre- and post-test study.

Subgroup analyses showed that regardless of whether a manager and a subordinate have the same gender, the relationship between managers’ integrity and subordinate work engagement was positive while in the same gender group, it did not reach statistical significance.

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They measured two factors of work engagement (vigor and dedication) and found a marginally significant intervention effect on vigor, which remained in the intervention group while it decreased in the control group.

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