highly significantp < 0.0001
The regression of the distance between F ST and geographic distance in km was highly significant for all population comparisons (males collected in early summer, R 2 = 0.51, p < 0.0001; females collected in early summer, R 2 = 0.60, p < 0.0001; males collected in late summer R 2 = 0.71, p < 0.0001; females collected in late summer R 2 = 0.65, p < 0.0001) (Fig. 2 a-d).