Integrative analysis reveals RNA G-quadruplexes in UTRs are selectively constrained and enriched for functional associations.

This distribution of alternative and constitutive pG4 genes for each UTR context was found to be highly significant through permutation testing ( P value < 0.0001 for 5′ and 3′ UTRs).

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non-eQTL SNPs identified by GTEx across pG4 and non-pG4 regions of the UTR, finding significant enrichment for either nominally significant or lead eQTL variants (lowest P value variant) in 5′ and 3′ UTR pG4 sequences compared to non-pG4 regions of UTRs (Fig. 3a —statistics on enrichment in Supplementary Table 1 ).

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