Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food.

( 2012a ) reported a borderline significant inverse association between maternal concentrations of PFOA (median 2.2 ng/mL, n = 901) of −106 g comparing the highest to lowest quartile of exposure.

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However, when exposure was classified by quartiles there was a significant trend of increased risk with higher PFOS/PFOA, although the odds ratios did not increase monotonically.

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The main findings of this study were as follows: Maternal PFAS concentrations: Maternal PFOS concentrations were inversely associated with diphtheria antibody concentrations at age 5 pre‐ and post‐booster (the latter almost significant) while a decrease in diphtheria antibody concentrations at age 7 was observed with increasing PFOA levels.

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There were significant associations with TC and non‐HDL also for PFOA, with somewhat smaller differences in blood lipids between Q4 and Q1 (borderline significance), but much stronger slopes in linear regression models.

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While for most of the population, diet is recognised as the main source of exposure to PFOS and PFOA, for some individuals, non‐dietary sources may be significant.

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