A comprehensive analysis of the animal carcinogenicity data for glyphosate from chronic exposure rodent carcinogenicity studies.

Environ Health · 2020 · PMC7014589 · PMID 32050978

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0050

closest p · 0.1× alpha

0.0870

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp = 0.005actually significant

The pooled analysis of the 18 month studies is highly significant ( p = 0.005) but not significant for the 24 month studies ( p = 0.686).

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a significant trendp ≤ 0.05actually significant

Additional file 2 : Tables S1–S13 provide the tumor count data for all tumors with a significant trend test ( p ≤ 0.05) in at least one study of the same sex/species/strain along with the doses used (mg/kg/day) and the number of animals examined microscopically in each group.

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marginally significantp = 0.087so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Malignant lymphomas are significant in studies C ( p = 0.016) and D ( p = 0.007) and marginally significant in study B ( p = 0.087) in male mice.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

The net effect of requiring monotonic dose-response is a severe reduction in the ability to detect a positive trend and a large increase in the probability of a false negative finding.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.