Freehand Pedicle Screw Placement Using a Universal Entry Point and Sagittal and Axial Trajectory for All Subaxial Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spines.

Orthop Surg · 2020 · PMC7031565 · PMID 31828963

Europe PMC DOI

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quite significantno p-value reported

The medial perforation was more common than lateral perforation, and the percentage of misplaced screws in the thoracic spine was quite significant compared with the negligible complications observed.

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