Dynamics of Plasmodium vivax populations in border areas of the Greater Mekong sub-region during malaria elimination.

A slight decrease in the expected heterozygosity was observed at the CMB from 0.76 in 2004 to 0.66 in 2016, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P > 0.05).

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Considering temporal changes in multilocus LD, there was an increasing trend of LD in parasite populations at the CMB from 2004 (I S A = 0.0236) to 2016 (I S A = 0.0329) and at the TMB from 2012 (I S A = 0.0366) to 2015 (I S A = 0.0586) (Table 3 ), which may contribute to the potential effect of population reduction in both sites with the scale-up of malaria control measures.

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