Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Educational Level and Malnutrition/Malnutrition Risk Of the 31 studies that evaluated educational level, 15 established significant relationships with regard to malnutrition or malnutrition risk [ 14 , 22 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 35 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 53 ], two suggested a significant trend [ 30 , 44 ], and 14 did not present significant differences [ 13 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 24 , 26 , 29 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 43 , 48 , 51 ] ( Table S2 ).

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