Noninvasive ventilation for patients near the end of life: what do we know and what do we need to know?

201 , 202 , 203 , 326 In the largest study to date, a randomized trial in 1050 CVCs and arterial catheters placed in a university hospital ICU, cutaneous antisepsis with 1% tincture of chlorhexidine showed a highly significant reduction in IVD-related BSIs compared with an iodophor (RR = 0.35, P < .01). 326 More recently, a meta-analysis that examined results from eight of the nine aforementioned studies found that use of chlorhexidine was associated with a nearly 50% reduction in the risk of IVD-related compared with povidone-iodine (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.88). 201 Insertion Site Care and IVD Maintenance 1.

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268 , 269 , 291 , 366 , 367 Of the 16 published studies that examined the effect of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs on rates of CVC-related BSI, 12 found either a statistically significant reduction or a strong trend toward a reduction in rates of CVC-related BSI. 366 , 367 Aggregate analysis of the 15 studies that compared antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs with nonimpregnated CVCs, 366 , 367 encompassing a total of 4250 CVCs, shows that antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs are associated with a 40% reduction in CVC-rel

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