In this crude study of diabetes “progression,” they showed a nominally significant association between this beta‐PRS and insulin treatment ( β = 0.0131, SE = 0.006, P = .0431). 74 Another study among Japanese population explored the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Syntaxin IA and insulin requirement in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
The two prospective studies differed, with one study reporting female gender with increased hazard of insulin initiation compared with men (aHR 2.13, 95% CI 1.08‐4.21), 48 while the other study reported female gender as protective for insulin initiation (aHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90‐0.99) with marginal significance. 46 Two retrospective studies also described female gender as a protective factor for progression, 19 , 37 but the seven remaining studies had different findings and reported an aHR of female gender between 1.03 and 1.20 in relation to diabetes progression compared with men. 20 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 70 , 72 , 78 3.2.5 Lipid‐related factors HDL‐c, LDL‐c and triglycerides have been reported to be associated with diabetes progression.