Prefrontal reinstatement of contextual task demand is predicted by separable hippocampal patterns.

We repeated the analysis above using both contextual prediction error and temporal prediction error as covariates, and observed a marginally significant modulation of dlPFC/frontopolar CTD reinstatement on RT (regression coefficient: −0.0040 ± 0.0022; t 32 = −1.81; P = 0.08, one-sample t -test; d = 0.32).

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Importantly, all ROIs displayed a numerical trend of higher context-trial pattern similarity on congruent than incongruent trials in the Same CTD condition, with right dlPFC/frontopolar cortex and left inferior frontal junction reaching statistical significance (Fig. 4c–f , dot graphs; Table 1 ).

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The left inferior frontal junction (regression coefficient: 0.0013 ± 0.0025; t 32 = 0.55; P > 0.58, one-sample t -test) and the left superior frontal (regression coefficient: −0.0004 ± 0.0021; t 32 = 0.21; P > 0.83, one-sample t -test) ROIs did not reach statistical significance.

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