Characterization of Amphetamine, Methylphenidate, Nicotine, and Atomoxetine on Measures of Attention, Impulsive Action, and Motivation in the Rat: Implications for Translational Research.

Highly significant performance group differences were recorded for measures % hit (F1,68 = 181.5; P < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.73), % correct (F1,68 = 39.6; P < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.37), omissions (F1,68 = 68.4; P < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.50), and correct latency (F1,68 = 12.3; P < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.16) reflecting a strong association between each measure (see Figure 1D ). “High performers” were characterized as showing higher accuracy, faster response speed and fewer omissions compared to their “low” counterparts.

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No week × SD interaction was evident for % hit (F9,189 = 1.0, NS; η p 2 ≤ 0.05) although % correct narrowly missed significance (F9,189 = 1.9, P=0.06; η p 2 ≤ 0.08) likely reflecting a modest trend to improvement at the 0.3-s SD which by week 2–4 appeared to stabilize.

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% correct was of marginal significance (F3,42 = 2.3; P=0.09; η p 2 = 0.14).

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The performance level × treatment interaction for % correct (F3,42 = 2.5; P=0.08; η p 2 = 0.15), % hit (F3,42 = 2.8; P=0.05; η p 2 = 0.17) and omission (F3,42 = 2.8; P=0.05; η p 2 = 0.17) measures were of borderline significance and reflected a trend for the proattentive effect of nicotine to be most prominent in the “low” performing group.

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