When eight adult patients suffering from CD followed the Mediterranean diet for 6 weeks, their transcriptome analysis showed a change in expression of more than 3000 genes; changes in the intestinal microbiota, although not significant, showed a trend towards normalization [ 176 ] with an increase in the expression of Bacteroidetes (17.89% to 18.74%), Clostridium cluster IV (19.2% to 21.86%) and Clostridium cluster XIVa (26.78% to 28.79%) and a decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria (5.93% to 5.48%) and Bacillaceae (4.65% to 4.21%).
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