Cognitive Efficacy of Pharmacologic Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

In studies evaluating the cognitive effect of IFN β-1a relative to placebo, a class II RCT was conducted among 436 secondary-progressive MS patients, of which researchers of the IMPACT trial found a statistical trend of improvement (small effect: Cohen’s d = 0.20) on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) over 2 years in the treatment group relative to the placebo group [ 17 ].

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It is possible that some negative studies have strong effect sizes but did not reach statistical significance due to small sample sizes.

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