Bivariate genome-wide association analyses of the broad depression phenotype combined with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia reveal eight novel genetic loci for depression.

Results Broad depression phenotype with self-reported MDD The genetic correlation ( r g ± SE) between the broad depression phenotype and self-reported MDD in the 23andMe data, calculated using the LD Score regression method, was 0.79 ± 0.07 and highly significant ( p = 5.70 × 10 –28 ).

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The results were considered genome-wide significant if: (i) the p value for the bivariate analysis reached genome-wide significance ( p < 5 × 10 –8 ); (ii) the bivariate p value was one order of magnitude smaller than the univariate p-values of both analyzed phenotypes; (iii) the univariate meta-GWAS effects were at least nominally significant with a p < 0.001; and (iv) were in the same direction.

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