Including non-concurrent control patients in the analysis of platform trials: is it worth it?

Results When there is a positive trend and all the control data are used, the marginal power of rejecting the corresponding hypothesis and the type one error rate can be higher than the nominal value.

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These findings highlight that even though the presence of a small trend would lead to a small bias in the estimation, the quality of the estimate computed using all the control data can be better than that computed using only the concurrent control data.

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We also note that when there is a negative trend, i.e. λ <0, the type one error and the marginal power will be deflated, i.e. smaller than the nominal value.

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