γδ T cell frequencies are altered in HIV positive pregnant South African women and are associated with preterm birth.

When analysed according to HIV status, HIV- women who delivered preterm showed a trend for lower γδ T cell frequencies than HIV- women who delivered at term and this was particularly evident in the first trimester (p = 0.0515) ( Fig 4F and 4G ). γδ T cell frequencies were also lower in the first trimester in HIV+ women who delivered preterm compared to HIV+ women who delivered at term, but this difference was not statistically significant ( Fig 4F ).

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Correspondingly, there was a highly significant reversal of the Vδ1/Vδ2 ratio in HIV+ women compared to HIV- women across all three trimesters.

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