only marginally significantP = 0.051
Leaf out was delayed 1.83 days (SE 0.69) in thermokarst troughs compared to thermokarst tops ( t 55 = 2.66, P = 0.049) but presented 1.32 days (SE 0.50) earlier in thermokarst tops than control tops, though this was also found to be only marginally significant ( t 55 = 2.64, P = 0.051).