An overall trend of the HOMO–LUMO gap in these NCs was that with the increase of the number of dopant S atoms, the HOMO–LUMO gap increased gradually.
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From Monolayer-Protected Gold Cluster to Monolayer-Protected Gold-Sulfide Cluster: Geometrical and Electronic Structure Evolutions of Au<sub>60</sub>S <sub><i>n</i></sub> (SR)<sub>36</sub> (<i>n</i> = 0-12).
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On the other hand, the electronic density of Au 60 S n (SR) 36 ( n = 0–12) showed a trend that from the metal NC Au 60 (SR) 36 to the gold-sulfide QD Au 60 S 12 (SR) 36 , the LUMO density distribution gradually changed from the local distribution on the Au core to the diffusion distribution on the Au–S(μ 4 ) skeleton.