moderately significantp < 0.01
A highly significant ( p < 0.001) increase in total sperm motility was observed in groups treated with low and high doses (40 and 60 mg/kg) of valsartan and a high dose (0.05 mg/kg) of pramipexole; among them, valsartan at 40 mg/kg had the peak value (71.55 ± 0.7), whereas the testosterone-treated group showed moderately significant ( p < 0.01) reduction in total sperm motility as compared to control values.