The effects of anti-inflammatory agents as host-directed adjunct treatment of tuberculosis in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio was significantly higher in the vitamin D treatment groups compared to the controls (3.52 vs 2.70, 95% CI for difference 0.16–1.11, p = 0.009) and (adjusted mean difference 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 -- 0.6; p = 0.001); whilst tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed a trend towards a reduction in prednisolone ( p < 0.001) and pentoxifylline ( p = 0.27) treatment groups.

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[ 14 , 16 , 49 ] reported highly significant weight changes in the vitamin D and N-acetylcysteine treatment groups compared to the placebo groups (3.75 vs 2.61; p < 0.009, 3·1; p < 0·0001, and 2.66 ± 0.18 vs − 0.02 ± 0.03; p < 0.001, respectively).

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