Shedding Light on "the Hole": A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Adverse Psychological Effects and Mortality Following Solitary Confinement in Correctional Settings.

Front Psychiatry · 2020 · PMC7468496 · PMID 32973582

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trend toward significanceno p-value reported

Given that both individual studies found a significant increase in mortality after SC in large samples [229,274 ( 17 ) and 13,776 ( 59 )], it is likely our trend toward significance would become significant upon inclusion of future studies.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

In addition, meta-analysis of two mortality studies (n = 243,050) showed a trend for a moderate effect for mortality by any or unnatural causes (i.e., suicide, homicide, overdose, and accidents).

also in 53,322 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.