Still No Substantial Evidence to Use Prophylactic Antibiotic at Operative Vaginal Delivery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In Berghella and Bellussi's study [ 26 ], the incidence rates of uterine infection in the SVD, OVD, and CS were 2.9%, 3.3%, and 5.2%, respectively, which were again weakly significant for OVD (OR = 1.2) and strongly significant for CS (OR = 5.2).

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The relative risk of perineal infection with episiotomy was also highly significant (odds ratios (OR) for vacuum and forceps were 2.9 and 5.2, respectively; P value of the overall = 0.002) [ 16 ].

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