Physiological Measures of Acute and Chronic Pain within Different Subject Groups: A Systematic Review.

Pain Res Manag · 2020 · PMC7487119 · PMID 32952747

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a clear trendno p-value reported

When these combinations were presented in a graph, it showed a clear trend that the more invasive methods are most commonly used to assess pain in the least vulnerable groups.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.