Post-traumatic stress disorder risk and witnessing team members in acute psychological stress during combat.

Controlling for combat experiences, high levels of witnessing a team member exhibit ASR symptoms was associated with increased risk of subthreshold PTSD or PTSD in sample 1 (odds ratio (OR) = 8.69, 95% CI 2.29–42.60) and approached significance in sample 2 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 0.98–2.81).

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In the participants assessed prior to deployment, the odds of screening positive were significantly greater in soldiers reporting high levels of witnessing an ASR, and in the sample assessed during deployment, these odds were marginally significant.

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