Streamwater responses to reduced nitrogen deposition at four small upland catchments in Norway.

An increasing trend in air temperature during the past 25 years may have contributed to reduced N leaching by a prolonged growing season with increased potential for N uptake by plants.

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Comparison with N trends in larger rivers and lakes in the same region The decreasing NO 3 trends in the easternmost catchments and absence of a clear trend in Øygardsbekken are consistent with long-term data from large rivers (Kaste et al. 2018 ; Norwegian Environment Agency 2018 ) and small lakes (Garmo and Skancke 2019 ) covering the same gradient in southern Norway (Figs. 5 a, 6 a).

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