Hepcidin and GDF-15 are potential biomarkers of iron deficiency anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients in South Africa.

Using the non-covariate analysis and Younden’s index, the optimum cut-off value of GDF-15 for diagnosing absolute IDA among CKD participants was 1129.3 mg/dl (at a sensitivity of 83.64%and specificity of 66.03%) Similarly, the optimum cut-off for hepcidin was 22.5 ng/dl (at a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 70.8%); (Supplementary Table 3 ). From Supplementary Table 4 , we found that although median serum hepcidin level among participants with late stage CKD (IV – V) was more than double the median hepcidin level among participants with early disease (I-III), this relationship did not reach statistical significance among ID ((Early Vs Late, 4.7(3.9–32.55) Vs 10.1 (4.1–55.8), P = 0.2583)) and non ID ((6.2(3.9–21.6) Vs 14.3(4–48), P = 0.1387)) participants.

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