Totality of evidence in trials of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in the patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: implications for clinical practice.

The benefit was nominally significant in the trial with dapagliflozin but not in the trial with empagliflozin.

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When the totality of evidence is considered, the degree of heterogeneity was highly significant in the trials of patients with type 2 diabetes, 1 but no heterogeneity was observed in trials of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction. 14 This pattern of inconsistency should be expected when the magnitude of the effect size is modest.

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