Effects of temperature variability and extremes on spring phenology across the contiguous United States from 1982 to 2016.

However, for 41% of pixels, the direction of the temporal trend in interannual variation in greenup onset was opposite to that in spring temperature; 6% of these pixels exhibited a significant trend (P < 0.1, Fig. 4 c).

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However, interannual variability in temperature is considerably large in recent decades, which is expected to trigger an increasing trend of variation in vegetation phenology.

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