a strong trendP < 0.05
Furthermore, quantification of the atrial pacing frequency threshold required for induction of sustained atrial arrhythmia in each heart revealed a strong trend towards reduced levels (ie increased vulnerability) in AAV9‐VLP (21.9 ± 0.8 Hz) compared to sham (28.3 ± 1.7 Hz, P < 0.05) and partial restoration by AAV9‐CCN5 treatment (25.4 ± 1.3 Hz, P = 0.13) (Figure 4E ).