Increasing Prevalence of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Portugal: Implications for First Line Treatment Recommendations.

When looking at specific drug classes, we find an increasing trend of TDR to NRTIs and NNRTIs, but a decreasing trend of TDR to PIs.

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For double- and triple-class ADR resistance, significantly decreasing trends were also observed ( p for-trend < 0.001 for double class; p for-trend < 0.001 for triple class), whereas for single class there was an increasing trend ( p for-trend = 0.019).

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For NNRTIs, only K103NS presented a significant trend ( p for-trend = 0.020) ( Figure 2 D and Table S3 ). 3.5.

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Predictors of TDR The clinical and socio-demographic factors significantly associated with TDR in the univariate model were infection with subtype B (as compared to non-B subtypes grouped together) and the logVL, while sex presented borderline significance—although not reaching conventional statistical significance ( p < 0.05), male sex was associated with higher levels of TDR.

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