Exposure to TiO₂ Nanoparticles Increases <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Infection of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

When HT-29 cells were treated for 24 h with a low dose, bacterial invasion resulted in being about 2.5 times higher with respect to control cells, whereas cells pre-treated with NP high dose showed a trend to decreased invasion (245.5 ± 13 for 1 μg/cm 2 and 53 ± 12 for 20 μg/cm 2 , respectively, * p < 0.05). 3.4.

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An increasing trend of intracellular oxidative stress after 6 h of NP exposure was revealed by DCF fluorescence intensity ( Figure 5 A).

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