Higher Utilization of Social Services Is Associated with Higher Language Scores in Children from Deeply Impoverished Urban Families.

However, social service use interacted significantly with family ITN to predict Expressive Communication Standard Scores (ITN × social service utilization: β = −14.1, p = 0.02) and approached significance for Total Standard Scores (ITN × social service utilization: β = −8.9, p = 0.05), suggesting that the depth of poverty moderated the relationship between social services utilization and language skill ( Table 2 ).

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Although this small sample is not intended to be representative, it does suggest that there may be significant opportunity for improvement in the utilization of services.

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