Developmental trajectories of metacognitive processing and executive function from childhood to older age.

For response time, a three-way ANOVA for age groups (childhood, young-adulthood, mid-adulthood and older adulthood), language groups (monolinguals, multilinguals) and congruency (congruent, incongruent) revealed a highly significant main effect of congruency overall, F (1,322) = 464.7, p < .001, η p 2 = .59, The interaction between congruency and age group on response time was significant, F (3,322) = 9.0, p < .001, η p 2 = .08, but not for language groups, F (1,322) = .58, p = .45, η p 2 = .002.

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ANOVA showed a trend main effect of age group, F (3,322) = 2.13, p = .096, η p 2 = .02.

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