Pleural cytokines MIF and MIP-3α as novel biomarkers for complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema.

Sci Rep · 2021 · PMC7815762 · PMID 33469074

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Limited by our sample size, Groα and Groβ levels displayed an increasing trend in CPPE/empyema compared to other conditions, though a significant difference was not reached.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

There was a consistent trend for increased IL-1β in CPPE compared to UPPE in two populations, but these differences did not reach statistical significance in the discovery phase.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.