Potential Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type Substitution, Superinfection Exclusion and Latency on the Efficacy of the Current L1 Prophylactic Vaccines.

A very significant reduction in the prevalence of CIN2 was observed in women aged 18–19 and 20–24 years although there was also a pronounced trend towards increasing prevalence of HPV types not covered by the vaccines in vaccinated women aged > 24 years ( Figure 3 , adapted from [ 66 ]).

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Curiously, although it did not reach statistical significance, a moderate improvement in vaccine efficacy from −25.9 to −11.7% (95% CI < 0.0–20.6%) was observed in women who were PCR and serum antibody test positive for HPV6/11/16/18 at baseline (see Table 279, p362 in [ 58 ]).

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