Role of Vitamin D Metabolism and Activity on Carcinogenesis.

on cancer mortality rates in the US and Europe, using latitude or DNA-weighted solar UV-B exposure as surrogate endpoints for photoproduction of vitamin D 3 in the skin, found a highly significant association with the incidence of esophagus, stomach, pancreas, bladder, ovary, and uterus, as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( 3,6,74–75 ).

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Other studies that included predominantly postmenopausal women either showed a trend toward a lower breast cancer risk with higher vitamin D intake ( 45,46 ) or did not show a protective effect of higher vitamin D intake for breast cancer.

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