Down-regulation of the Sp1 transcription factor by an increase of microRNA-4497 in human placenta is associated with early recurrent miscarriage.

3 d) showed that while SP1 protein levels were significantly decreased in RM villus trophoblasts compared with control samples (The percentage of SP1 positive stain cell is 12.2 ± 0.8 % and 18.3 ± 1.1 %, respectively, P <0.05), the CXCR5 and BMP8A protein expression levels showed a trend of reduction in the RM placental trophoblasts, but the difference did not reach a statistical significance (The percentage of CXCR5 positive cells is 7.3 ± 0.4 % and 8.5 ± 0.4 %, respectively, P > 0.05; The percentage of BMP8A positive cells is 8.0 ± 0.5 % and 8.6 ± 0.3, respectively, P > 0.05), suggesting that CXCR5 may be less likely related to RM pathogenesis than SP1does.

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