showed a trendp = 0.08
A GLMM on the summed number of manually counted steps with the same 18 hens excluded (fixed effect of the rearing treatment, IDs of birds nested within pen, and pen nested with rearing treatment and ranging as the random effects) showed a trend for significance (F 2, 7 . 83 = 3.60, p = 0.08), where the post-hoc tests showed the novelty hens stepped more than the control hens. 3.1.5.