Reigniting the TORCH: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mortality and Inhaled Corticosteroids Revisited.

ETHOS used a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for lung function and age, variables that were not used in the secondary Cox analysis in TORCH, which still showed a nominally significant difference, with a 19% reduction in risk ( 1 ).The ETHOS data suggest that a dose response of effectiveness may exist for mortality in a way not seen when exacerbations are the endpoint, with the number needed to treat for a mortality gain with 320 BFF being 80 patients per year.

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